In the last 2 postings (part 1, part 2) of the “Sling vs JCR” shootout I only handled read cases, but as Ryan D Lunka pointed out in the comments of on part 1, writing to the repository is the harder part. I agree on that. While on reading you often can streamline the process of reading nodes and properties and ignore some bits and pieces (e.g. mixins, nodeTypes), on the write part that’s a very important information. Because on the write part you define the layout and types, so you need to have full control of it. And the JCR API is very good in giving you control over this, so there’s not much room for simplification for a Sling solution.

Indeed, in the past there was no “Resource.save()” method or something like this. Essentially the resourceResolver (as a somehow equivalent of the JCR session) was only designed for retrieving and reading information, but not for writing. There are some front ends like the Sling POST servlet, which access directly the JCR repository to persist changes. But these are only workarounds for the fact, that there is no real write support on a Sling Resource level.

In the last months there was some activity in that area. So there is a wiki page for a design discussion about supporting CRUD operations within Sling, and code has been already submitted. According to Carsten Ziegler, the submitter of this Sling issue, this feature should be available for the upcoming version of CQ. So let’s see how this will really look like.

But till then you have 2 options, to get your data into the CRX repository:

• Use the SlingPostServlet: Especially if you want to create or change data in the repository from remote, this servlet is your guy. It is flexible enough to cater most of normal use cases. For example most (if not all) of the CQ dialogs and actions use this SlingPostServlet to persist their data in the repository.
• If that’s not sufficient for you, or you need to write structures directly from within code deployed within CQ, use JCR.

So here Sling currently does not bring any benefit, if your only job is to save data from within OSGI to CQ. If many cases the Default POST Servlet might be suffcient when you need to update data in CRX from external. And let’s see what CQ 5.6 brings with it.

In the last posting I showed the benefits of Sling regarding resource access over plain JCR. But not only in resource access both frameworks offer similar functionality, but also in the important area of listening to changes in the repository. So today I want to compare JCR observation to Sling eventing.

JCR observation is a part of the JCR specification and is a very easy way to listen for changes in the repository.

@component (immediate=true, metatype=false)
@service
class Listener implements ObservationListener {

  @Reference
  SlingRepository repo;

  Session session;
  Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger (Listener.class);

  @activate
  protected void activate () {
    try {
      Session adminSession = repo.loginAdministrative(null);
      session = adminSession.impersonate (new SimpleCredentials("author",new char[0]));
      adminSession.logout();
      adminSession = null;
      session.getObservationManager.addEventListener( this, // listener
        NODE_CREATED|NODE_DELETED|NODE_MOVED, // eventTypes
        "/", // absPath
        true, // isDeep
        null, // uuid
        null, //nodeTypeNames
        true // noLocal
      );
    } catch (RepositoryException e) {
      log.error ("Error while registering observation", e);
    }
  }

  @deactivate
  protected void deactivate() {
    session.getObservationManager.removeListener(this);
    session.logout();
    session = null:
  }

  private handleEvents (Events events) {
    while (events.hasNext()) {
      Event e = events.next();
      … // do here your event handling
     }
  }
}

In JCR the creation of an observation listener is straight forward, also the event listening. The observation process is tied to the lifetime of the session, which is started and stopped at activation/deactivation of this sling service. This kind of implementation is a common pattern.
Note: Be aware of the implications of using an admin session!

• You can read and write everywhere in the repository
• You work with elevated rights you probably never need.

So try to avoid an adminSession. In th example above is use a session owned by the user “author” for this via impersonation.

A sling implementation of the same could look like this:

@Component (immediate = true)
@Service()
@Property (name = "event.topics", value = "/org/apache/sling/api/resource/Resource/*")
class Listener implements EventHandler {

  public void handleEvent (Event event) {
    // handle
  }
}

You see, that we don’t have to care about registering a listener and managing a session. Instead we just subscribe to some events emitted by the Sling Eventing framework. This framework is essentially implementing the OSGI event specification, and therefor you can also subscribing the very same way to various other event topics. You can check the “Event” tab in the Felix console, where you can see a list of events, which just happened in your CQ.

Some example for topics:

• BundleEvents (the complete OSGI bundle live cycle is reflected here)
• CQ Replication
• CQ Workflow
• Sling Jobs
• Sling Resources

One disadvantage of Sling eventing is, that you cannot restrict the resource events to a certain path or user. Instead Sling registers with an admin session and publishes all observation events starting at the root node of the repository (/). You should filter quite early in your handleEvent routine for the events you are really interested in.

But: With these events you don’t geld hold of a resource. You always have you create them by this pattern:

if (event.getProperty(SlingConstants.PROPERTY_PATH) != null) {
  Resource resource = resourceResolver.getResource(event.getPath()); 
}

Also there you need to take care, that you’re using an appropriate ResourceResolver (try to avoid an admin resource resolver as well).

Also JCR observation has some benefits, if you want or need to limit the events you receive more granularly, for example by listening to changes of specific nodeTypes only or mixins.

So, as a conclusion: If you need to restrict the amount of repository events you want to process directly on API level, JCR observation is the right thing for you. Otherwise go for Sling Eventing, as it offers you also the possibility to receive many more types of events. For non-repository events it’s the only way to listen for them.